Essay on Johannes Brahms - 1739 Words

Johannes Brahms was a German Composer, Pianist and conductor of the 19th century or the Romantic period. He was one of the 3 Bs or the Big three: Bach, Beethoven and Brahms. Johannes was a very self-critic man he burned many of his pieces before he could get anyones opinion on them and he burned all of his compositions that he wrote before the age of 19. Johannes Brahms was born on Tuesday 7th may 1833, in the city of Hamburg the birthplace also of Mendelssohn. Johann Brahms was himself a musician, and played the double bass for a time at the Karl Schultze Theatre, and later in the Stadttheater orchestra. In 1847 Johannes attended a good Burgerschule (citizens? school), and in 1848 a better, that of one Hoffmann. When he was eight†¦show more content†¦He played the piano parts in a Mozart Quartet and in Beethoven?s Quintet for wind instruments and piano, with such success that a speculative impresario wished to engage him for a concert tour that was to take him as far as America. About the age of twelve he came entirely under the tuition of Marxsen, who, finding him incorrigible in his desire to improve compositions at the piano, soon began to teach him theory. But in order to be able to continue these lessons, it was imperative that he should earn at least part of his keep at home, where funds were always distressingly low, thus before he was fourteen he was obliged, for want of a more congenial occupation, to play the piano at sailor?s taverns and dancing saloons, often very late at night and always in a far from healthy atmosphere. On his return to Hamburg he ventured, on 21st September 1848, to give a concert on his own account for the first time. The programmed included the adagio and tondo from a concerto by Rosenhain, Dohler?s fantasy on William tell, a serenade for the left hand alone by his master, Marxsen, a study by the fashionable Henri Herz, a Bach fugue, and his own Variations on a Folksong. He early showed as love for the folksong of his fatherland, which he used as themes for some remarkable variations a musical form, by theShow MoreRelatedJohannes Brahms Essays1760 Words   |  8 PagesJohannes Brahms was a German Composer, Pianist and conductor of the 19th century or the Romantic period. He was one of the 3 B?s or the Big three: Bach, Beethoven and Brahms. Johannes was a very self-critic man he burned many of his pieces before he could get anyone?s opinion on them and he burned all of his compositions that he wrote before the age of 19. Johannes Brahms was born on Tuesday 7th may 1833, in the city of Hamburg the birthplace also of Mendelssohn. Johann Brahms was himself a musicianRead MoreJohannes Brahms : Music Theory, Harmony, And Counterpoint851 Words   |  4 PagesChapter ONE - Johannes Brahms Biography Johannes Brahms was born in Hamburg, Germany. His birthdate is May7, 1833. He died on April 3, 1897. He died in Vienna, Austria. He studied piano at the age of seven under F.W. Cossel. He then became a student to Eduard Marxsen. At his teenage years he helped his family earn money by playing in inns. Every once in awhile he would give recitals. Johannes Brahms played many instruments. The instruments he played were the piano and bass. Brahms also played theRead MoreThe Music of Johannes Brahms and Frederic Chopin611 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Music of Johannes Brahms and Frederic Chopin Johannes Brahms and Frederic Chopin were two of the most significant and influential musicians of the Romantic era, which extended from approximately 1820 until 1900. Romantic music built on the ideas that were developed in the preceding era, the Classical era, and had even greater ranges of tone color, dynamics and pitch, as well as greater emphasis on dramatic, unstable chords (Kamien 1998, p. 210). Chopin, who only lived thirty-nine years,Read MoreAntonin Dvorak was a Pariotic, Classical Music Composer803 Words   |  3 PagesAnna Cermakova in the November of 1873, and was happily married for the rest of his life to her (Encyclopedia Britannica). Performing all over Prague, eventually Dvorak’s incredible work was discovered by the famed composer Johannes Brahms, who recommended Dvorak to Brahms’ publisher Simrock. Simrock took to liking Dvorak’s works so much, that he agreed to publish works like the Moravian Duets in 1876, and the Slavonic Dances in 1878. These works were key in making Dvorak’s popularity spread worldwideRead MoreThe Most Important Composers Of The Nineteenth Century883 Words   |  4 Pages Johannes Brahms was one of the most important composers of the nineteenth century. Although he is forever enshrined in music history as one of the three B’s (Along with Beethoven, and Bach), Brahms’ contribution to the musical world is far greater than just the letter B. (â€Å"Self Confidence† par. 9) From his works in orchestral music (such as his four symphonies, and concertos) to his piano, chamber, and choral music, all of these have had a meaningful impact the world of music, both in the nineteenthRead MoreBrahms Intermezzo No.3, Op.119 in C Major Analysis8658 Words   |  35 Pages9/29/12 MTO 13.3: Ricci, The Progress of a Motive in Brahms s Intermezzo op. 119, no. 3 Volume 13, Number 3, September 2007 Copyright  © 2007 Society for Music Theory Adam Ricci* The Progress of a Motive in Brahms’s Intermezzo op. 119, no. 3* ABSTRACT: Brahms’s Intermezzo op. 119, no. 3 is structured around a motive with two components—one melodic, one harmonic—that operate sometimes separately and sometimes together. The global harmonic trajectory of the piece is embodied in the combinationRead MoreRomantic Music Period621 Words   |  2 Pagesmusic, one will see how things changed from the previous Classical period. Many of the great, famed musicians now known today lived during the Romantic period. Some of the better known names included Rossini, Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky, Chopin, and Brahms. Gioachino Rossini, known for his piece, The Barber of Seville, excelled in operas. His overtures grew to be extremely popular pieces as well and are still played to this day. Felix Mendelssohn started his career early in life and grew famous offRead MoreThe Performance Of Classical Music1749 Words   |  7 Pagesmusicians seemed like they were equal to us. There were three different pieces composed by three different composers at the concert I attended. They were The Fantasy Pieces, Opus 73 by Robert Schumann, Capriccio in C-Sharp Minor Op.76 No. 5 by Johannes Brahms and Sonata in A Minor Op. 36 by Edvard Grieg. These three composers were alive all around the same time and they wrote their music in the romantic period. Many might think during the nineteenth century concerts would only have one composer’s musicRead MoreBrahms First Symphony, An Angelic Alliance Of Flutes Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesIn Johannes Brahms’ first symphony, an angelic alliance of flutes hypnotizes the audience with delicate notes that form a scenic melody. In the distance, I am blowing until my face turns blue into a large goofy instrument that hardly anyone notices. When I picked up the tuba during my junior year of high school, I quickly became accustomed to less glamorous musical parts, long notes of loosely buzzing lips, and pages of par amount silence. Worst of all, playing the tuba never quite made me a â€Å"ladies’Read MoreFemale Composers And Performers Were Not Very Common899 Words   |  4 PagesRobert died, Clara found comfort in her good friend Johannes Brahms. Johannes was one of Clara’s friends that had visited Robert in the hospital when he was sick. Johannes had feelings for Clara, but Clara did not have feeling for him. They never became anything more than friends, despite all the rumors that had been spread about the two. Johannes was a very big help to Clara after Robert passed away. He made touring possible again for Clara. Johannes helped with chores around the house, and taking care

Comparison of Paintings - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 367 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Leonardo Da Vinci, who painted ‘Madonna of the Rocks’ in 1485, was very interested in science. He did various studies of plants, water and even controversial studies of the human anatomy where he cut open the deceased to see how the inside of the body works. All this was to provide the perfect naturalistic painting. In the painting ‘Madonna of the rocks’ his study of water can be seen in Mary’s hair and there is numerous plants and rocks that he studied. Leonardo was the inventor of ‘blue air’ or aerial perspective where things got smaller the further away they were and eventually covered in a veil of mist. This shows Leonardo’s observation of nature in his quest of perfect beauty. The reason he wanted perfect beauty was because the Renaissance was the rebirth of classical ideas, which was beauty and order. In the painting ‘Tribute Money’ by Masaccio a way that science can be seen is with the naturalism in the background. This painting is a step up from medieval paintings that had gold gilding in the background. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparison of Paintings" essay for you Create order Masaccio has actually studied real landscapes and has observed nature closely. In both paintings there is a large variation of different people, which is individualism which was a part of humanism. You can see the rebirth of classical ideas in the drapery of the figures, except the tax collector is wearing the clothes of the time this was painted which was around 1425-27. The architecture has linear perspective which was written about in a theory by a 15th century writer called Alberti. The painting has a story within it, because a lot of people at the time were illiterate and this was the churches way to teach their story. In ‘Madonna of the Rocks’ the figures are very realistic and beautiful that they would evoke worship since the people couldn’t read the bible. Both paintings were done in Florence which was the center of the western world, it was between trading countries and so was extremely rich and with wealth they were able to commission more art for the newly built villars and cathedrals. The artists were not just laborers but some of the greatest minds.

Organ Donation - 1787 Words

Organ Donation Tanecia Carter HCA 322 Health Care Ethics Medical Law Instructor: Instructor: Susan Vellek August 5, 2013 Organ Donation The process of taking functional organs and tissues from one person for transplantation into another individual is called organ donation. Whereas, any part of the body that performs a different and special function is referred to as an organ. Transplantation takes places quite successfully today between well-matched human beings. Majority of the organ recipients are able to live five or more years. Skin, cornea, bone marrow and kidney transplants are the most common today. Moreover, lung and heart transplants are†¦show more content†¦Subsequently, the first xenotransplantation was conducted in 1986. This breakthrough means of transplantation started gaining popularity and researchers started performing more intensive studies on it. The number of people who required organ transplantation started to multiply. The discovery of the first artificial organs In the 1980, the first artificial heart transplant took place which was followed closely by the American publi c and the news media. This basically involved segmenting organs into pieces (either from cadaveric donors or surviving donors). In 1996, the first split liver transplant too place. It permitted one cadaveric liver to be used among several patients who required a transplant. Stem cell research: This basically involves the examination of human embryo and adult’s cell in an endeavor to find out how organs are development and what stimulates their development. There are certain ethical concerns regarding how organs and tissues are obtained. For instance: a pharmaceutical company in France buys placentas from 110 Canadian hospitals in order to produce blood products and vaccines. However, there are some poor people in countries, such as India, who sell their kidneys for $700 or even more than that. There have also been cases reported in India where people have gained consciousness after aShow MoreRelated Organ Donation Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan Donation Organ donation is a topic which contains many conflicting views. To some of the public population organ donation is a genuine way of saving the life of another, to some it is mistrusted and to others it is not fully understood. There are some techniques that can be used to increase donation. Of these techniques the most crucial would be being educated. If the life threatening and the critical shortage of organs was fully understood by the public, organ donation wouldRead MoreOrgan Donation : Organ Donations Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesPreviously organ donation has encountered organ donors and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands decreased as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives, the significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result organ donation mission is toRead MoreOrgan Donation. â€Å"Organ Donation Is Not A Tragedy, But It1112 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation â€Å"Organ donation is not a tragedy, but it can be a beautiful light, in the midst of one† (Unknown). There has been many disbeliefs about donating your organs over the years. The organ demand drastically exceeds the available supply, which is why more people need to be organ donors. People should become organ donors because of the limited availability of organs and the chance to save many lives. Although many people think that if you are an organ donor doctors won’t try as hard toRead MoreOrgan Donation2096 Words   |  9 Pages stat! After applying yourself to be a recipient for a donation, you will be added to the waiting list for that organ. This can take months, if not years. Receiving an organ can be sudden whenever an organ match has been found for you. We should reevaluate organ donation due to someone’s personal religion, inability to benefit the poor, numerous hospital visits, and potential endangerment to their own well being. Therefore, in 2009, organ transplants became a demand everywhere so abruptly thatRead MoreIs Organ Donation Or Not?1486 Words   |  6 Pageswill happen if they ever donate their organ/s or tissue’s. Most look upon people who donate organ/s as generous. Others even applaud them for being a lifesaver. The question that lingers on many: Is it proper to charge for the organ donations or not? According to the Mayo Clinic, in United States alone, over 100,000 individuals are in the offing for an organ donation. Regrettably, several individuals may at no time procure the bid that a fit benefactor of an organ matches his or her— one more wagerRead MoreOrgan Donation And Organ Organs Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesOrgan donations have encountered organ donor and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands increase as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation’s mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives. The significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result, the mission of organ donations are toRead MoreOrgan Donation : Organ Organs1054 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation Organ donation occurs when a failing or damaged organ, is replaced with a new organ, through a surgical operation. The two sources of organs for donation come from a deceased person and a living person. The organs that are received from a deceased person are called cadaveric organs. A person can indicate on his or her driver’s license if they want to be an organ donor after they die. There are some states that allow for family consent for organ removal, regardless if the deceasedRead MoreOrgan Donation1163 Words   |  5 PagesBut by becoming an organ donor, you can be able to say â€Å"I will save a life.† Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. Unfortunately, the number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number of people who have registered to become organ donors. Patients are forced to wait months, even years for a match, and far too many die b efore they are provided with a suitable organ. There are many shamesRead Moreorgan donation1007 Words   |  5 Pagesyou would help someone after you have passed on. Organ and tissue donation is a topic that does not get enough attention. Ninety-five percent of Americans say that they support donation yet the number of registered donors is much smaller (www.organdonor.gov). Anyone can sign up to be a donor. After death you can donate your organs. Each day 18 people will die waiting on organs. Tissues are also able to be donated. The age of donation do not matter. Some mothers donate the blood of theRead MoreOrgan Donation1237 Words   |  5 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. Thesis Statement: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you die. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention material/Credibility Material: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it was something you couldn’t live without? Well, my cousin was five years old when

Analysis Of The Movie Slumdog Millionaire - 1240 Words

Sorrow is prevalent throughout every individual s life; it is unavoidable. It is even apparent in a reputable persons life. In response to this observation, one must inquire as to the purpose and prevalence of this emotion in the life of human beings. This question is one of man points of interest in the film Slumdog Millionaire. Jamal s story is filled with numerous hardships; many of which could be considered undeserving. However, it is through these obstacles that Jamal s capacity for jh is made accessible. Similarly, in the Kite Runner, Amir must endure many obstacles in order to no longer be burdened by guilt. Therefore, through Jamal and Amir s stories it is made clear that tribulation is a necessity regarding the existence joy. Joy without any type of suffering is both hollow and shallow; thus, containing no value. This theme is first discussed through the color of Slumdog Millionaire. Jamal, who originates from a culture prevalent with poverty, is being tortured because the host of the game show Who Wants to Be A Millionaire finds it difficult to endow credence to the idea that a person of Jamal s stature could answer so many questions correctly. In the duration of this moment, Jamal is stereotyped and beaten because of his position in the hierarchy of society. However, throughout the scene, the room is saturated in yellow (Boyle). Yellow, being a color normally associated with joy, juxtaposes the emotions of the scene. Ordinarily, one would correlate theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Slumdog Millionaire 1602 Words   |  7 PagesDanny Boyle’s film Slumdog Millionaire follows two brothers from the Juhu slum in Mumbai as they face the trials and tributes of growing up in poverty. Although Salim, the elder brother, is given the same childhood experiences and trauma as his younge r brother Jamal, his drive and hunger for power lead him to a life of crime, corruption and misconduct. These actions later have a detrimental effect on his relationship with Jamal, which in turn, becomes his demise. Boyle uses a range of effectiveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Slumdog Millionaire 2184 Words   |  9 Pagesaround or over one million people living in an area smaller than Central Park in New York City. This is the area which the movie â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire† was filmed and aimed to show the lifestyles and things that people from Dharavi encounter every day. How a slum is defined is when there are more than 2 people living in one room. The term social class is important in this movie because they show you that in Mumbai if you live or come from the slum you are considered the lowest class within the areaRead MoreMovie Analysis : Slumdog Millionaire 1771 Words   |  8 Pagesaround or over one million people living in an area smaller than Central Park in New York City. This is the area which the movie â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire† was filmed and aimed to show the lifestyles and things that people from Dharavi encounter every day. How a slum is defined is when there are more than 2 people living in one room. The term social class is important in this movie because they show you that in Mumbai if you live or come from the slum you are considered the lowest class within the areaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Slumdog Millionaire By Danny Boyle1587 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Your destiny is in your hands, bhai†. In the movie Slumdog Millionaire, directed by Danny Boyle we are shown glimpses of the wider field of fate and destiny. Through visual and oral features the audience is able to achieve a broad understanding of this idea which is conveyed throughout the course of the film. Each character shows varying amounts of control over their lives. Salim maintains a large amount of control while Latika obtains little. However Ja mal experiences both outside influences asRead MoreSlumdog Millionaire: A Broken Mirror Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagescontent or angry, inquisitive or confused, or even reputable or malevolent. A few people, however, can look into a mirror, or even at others, and see someone other than the true person standing in front of him. Salim, a character from the movie Slumdog Millionaire is portrayed as one of the â€Å"bad guys,† and rightfully so because of his actions towards his brother, Jamal, and others. Similarly to Salim, Amir, a character from the book The Kite Runner, also betrays his brother multiple times when he isRead MoreHow The Environment Affects The Development Of The Individual2423 Words   |  10 Pagesindividual by applying the ecological perspective to the life and experiences main character in the film ‘Slumdog Millionaire’. ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ is a film that features a character, Jamil Malik, who lives in Dubai and is considered an ignorant young boy. Jamil Malik had never went to school or college and would not have known any of the answers for the game show, â€Å"Who wants to be a Millionaire† but was given the prejudge of being on the show because he grew up in the slums of India. Jamil’s lifeRead MoreThe Real Slumdogs Essay1913 Words   |  8 PagesThe Real Slumdogs Macrosociology and Microsociology Macrosociology is an approach to sociology which emphasizes the analysis of social systems and populations on a large scale, at the level of social structure, and often at a necessarily high level of theoretical abstraction. Microsociology, by contrast, focuses on the individual social agency. Macrosociology also concerns individuals, families, and other constituent aspects of a society, but always does so in relation to larger social system ofRead MoreFilm Analysis : Slumdog Millionaire1742 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Sociology Film Analysis: Slumdog Millionaire Structural Functionalist: a) Describe the structural hierarchy of the key layers in the movie(Police, Inspector, Game Show Host, Jamal, Salim and Latika) There is a structural hierarchy in the movie which makes sure that people remain in their prescribed role where the inspector is at the top then Salim and Jamal is at the bottom of the hierarchy. The individuals at the top are more privileged to power and money while the people at theRead MoreAsdf Ghjkl Kkkkk2739 Words   |  11 PagesCan Bollywood Go Global? Case Analysis: Managerial Communication II Section A Submitted By Ankur Jain 0069/52 Executive Summary The movie Industry came into being towards the end of the 19th century and it has grown steadily over the years, incorporating several changes in its outfit and presentation. From the French beginnings, to the British influence and then the American dominance after the 2nd world war, the entertainment industry has seen it all. Bollywood, the Hindi-languageRead MoreEvolution of Indian Cinema3329 Words   |  14 Pagesthe 1980s, it was pirated videocassettes which were seen to pose the greatest threat to the cinema. Cinema halls played mostly to male, working-class audiences, so it is not surprising that this decade is largely remembered as an age of the action movie, experiments with disco  dancing  and rape-revenge movies. The increasing availability of the audiocassette during this decade led to a revival in film music and the return to popularity of the teen romance, with roles taken by a new generation of younger

Fundamentals Software Architecture Free Essays

Unit 09 Assignment 2 Fundamentals of Software Architecture Instructor: Ami Tran Student: Cyril Foday-Kailie Table of Content: 1. Introduction of Management Summary 2. 0Scope and Definition 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Fundamentals Software Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0Overviews for Requirements and Concerns 4. 0 General Architectural principles 5. 0Views 6. 0Important Scenarios 7. 0Quality Property Summary 8. 0Need to Know Board 9. 0References/appendices . |Date |Version |Comment | |19th.June 2010 |Draft AD Version 1 Presented by Learner Cyril |AD to be reviewed by Fantasy | | |Foday-Kailie |Stake holders | Content 1Executive Summary1 2Version History1 3Content1 4Purpose2 5Scope3 6Goals, Objectives, and Constraints3 7Architecture Principles3 8Baseline Architecture3 8. 1Business Architecture Models3 8. 2Data Architecture Models3 8. Application Architecture Models3 8. 4Technology Architecture Models3 9Rationale and Justification for Architectural Approach3 10Mapping to Architecture Repository3 10. 1Mapping to Architecture Landscape3 10. 2Mapping to Reference Models3 10. 3Mapping to Standards3 10. 4Re-Use Assessment3 11Target Architecture3 11. 1Business Architecture Models4 11. 2Data Architecture Models4 11. 3Application Architecture Models4 11. 4Technology Architecture Models4 12Gap Analysis4 13Impact Assessment4 Content 1Management Ececutive SummaryThe draft Architectural definition is to clearly reflect detail requirement for the Engineering of a new software Architecture for Fantasy Games that will fulfill the business aim of dominating the market space in Internet sales, generate internet communities that will be able to host meaningful forum by means of chatting, blogging and discussions about current and feature Engineering of Games to reflect the needs of customers and market space. The new System will hold Game Products for worldwide marketing, protect customers privacy and integrate internal an external interfaces that are associated with the system.The document will describe the most efficient and effective means of integrating remote Fantasy Games productive offices in India, Singapore and US locations providi ng an unhindered but controlled access to productive portal to all it employees and consultants. The document contains define solutions that can convincingly aid validation process to commission the Engineering of the new Architecture. It will also contain context views and scenarios with relevant perspectives that can establish and enforce the viability of the new system which can be used as n input to begin the SDLC. Scope and Defination The Architecture Definition Document is the deliverable container for the core architectural artifacts created during a project. The Architecture Definition Document spans all architecture domains (business, data, application, and technology) and also examines all relevant states of the architecture (baseline, interim state(s), and target). The Architecture Definition Document is a companion to the Architecture Requirements Specification, with a complementary objective: The Architecture Definition Document provides a qualitative view of the solution and aims to communicate the intent of the architects to Stakeholders of Fantasy Games that an adequate an efficient tradeoffs have been implemented as per agreement in various team meeting †¢ The Architecture Requirements Specif ication provides a quantitative view of the solution, stating measurable criteria that must be met during the implementation of the architecture to build a software system that will host internet sales for Fantasy games and host internet communities that can propose and aid game development. Overview of requirement and ConcernsThe vision of Fantasy Games is to design replacement software architecture in gaming with the ability to cultivate communities. This has been viewed by stakeholders to be a green area of product line that can be principally marketable on the web online. Project Manager of Fantasy Games contracted a consultant architect to design software architecture to reflect the vision and blueprint of the organization in the view of releasing the product within a stipulated timeline as stated by the stakeholders. The new software will replace existing system and will bring to Fantasy Games new employment realities and extension of the product line.In the view of the stakeholders, Fantasy Games is geared to make history in Gaming as a result of user demands for functional change in their current gaming architecture. The new venture will not only open doors for employment but will appeal to newer gamers’ thereby expanding gaming market of Fantasy games The Proposed Software will host a marketing portal and forum for Gamers and will capture private details and context about it customers. The software will reflect functionality and resilience and it will reflect adaptability with upgrades.The Software Architecture should adhere to the dictates and standards of IEEE 1471. Architectural Perspectives Agile software development has steadily gained momentum and acceptability over the decade as a variable approach of software development and it is a favorable perspective to design Fantasy Games System. This is so as the concept is based on fundamental changes to the essential of software development. The concept is driven by team work where the aim is to deliver essentials in a timely manner than hoping to have software with many options than huge documentation.In Agile development inputs of the stakeholders become the bases as the final product and is geared to have deliverables as desired by the stake holder using extreme programming (XP) XP is the method of programming that emphasis team work between managers’ customers and developers. These 3 set of people forms an equal partnership to drive the project in a collaborative manner. XP implement a simple but effective environment enabling all concern members to achieve solution and maximize productivity. The main idea is that the team rallies around the problem or case for the solution.Such development practice qualifies XP to be an agile method of software development. Citing Don well (1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2009) Extreme Programming improves a software project in five essential ways; communication, simplicity, feedbac k, respect, and courage. This can be likening as the software architectural process of an agile software designing. These five essentials are to ensure that all necessary objectives are met in software design using Agile method. Team members are treated with respect as the system is made for them not them for the system.The system will courageously be able to respond to change How software architecture process fits into Extreme programming. The software architectural process can be likening to have the same objectives of agile method of programming as compared below. Software architectural process: Capturing stakeholder’s concern/needs: Getting complete picture of what the stake holder requires also helping them resolve conflicts and align their concerns. Making series of Architectural decisions to fulfill stake holders Concern. This can be regarded as solution to stakeholders concern. Capturing Architectural design decision made. This can be viewed as finding the architectural design that fits the scenario or case. Key Objectives of an agile Architect. Deliver working solutions: Solution to the Business case or the big picture has to be a working or dynamic solution. Maximize stakeholder value: Most times stake holder have different goals as they invest (Time effort and money) in to a project Find solutions which meet the goals of all stakeholders: Every solution should be seen as part of the whole picture not as a separate entity Enable the next effort.As the technology and business cases changes, it creates the need for a change in the system Manage change and complexity. Architect can minimize and mange change to help maximize and preserve stakeholder’s values. There is no simple change a minor change will cost the organization a fortune Drawing parallels between the software architectural process and Agile method:- Capturing stake holders concerns and needs which is the first point in Architectural process can be compared and likening to maximize stakeholders’ value in agile methods.Making architectural decisions to fulfill stake holders’ concerns can be compared to delivering working solution in the agile method. Capturing architectural design can be compared to delivering Working solution, finding solution, enable next effort and manage change and complexities. These made the agile method of XP adhere to standard software architecture process. A context Diagram in AD will define a high level picture of the boundaries and it corresponding external entities of the system. 4. 0 Fig1Project Context Diagram. [pic] Architectural Principles:Architecture principles can be defined as the fundamental assumptions and rules of conduct for the IT organization to create and maintain IT capability. (J. Ryan December 4, 2009) These fundamental rules and conducts serves as organization guide in attaining the Architectural Scopes. You may name them as commandments that are geared to best practice. It is also defined as a fundamental statement of belief, approach, or intent that guides the definition of architecture. It may refer to current circumstances or to a desired future state. N. Rozanski E Woods 2005) Achieving maximum enterprise-wide benefit will require changes in the way we plan and manage. Information Technology alone will not bring about this change hence the need for Architectural principles that includes:-. Some stakeholders may have to concede their own preferences for the greater benefit of the entire enterprise. Application development priorities must be established by the entire enterprise for the good of the Business Aim. Applications components should be shared across organizational boundaries.Information management initiatives should be conducted in accordance with the enterprise plan. Individual organizations should pursue information management initiatives which conform to the blueprints and priorities established by the enterprise. As needs arise, priorities must be adjusted. A forum with comprehensive enterprise representation should make these decisions AD should be well defined and clearly documented to avoid conflict Stake holders should have a reasonable and rational concern. The project should have a budget The project should be driven by the organizationKeep the architecture as simple as possible Constraints: With Fantasy games having a business goal of designing software that can cultivate groups and facilitate Internet marketing could be impacted by many constraints. Project Cost. Project cost is always limited to project budget. Payoff decisions: In other to achieve organizational goals tradeoffs and compromises are made at the cost of forfeiting and enhancing feature of the system. Standards and principles: Standards and Principles are drivers that limit systems to adhere to mandatory regulation.Client Vendor Dependency: Fantasy Games awarded the software designing contract to a consultant who might not have the necessary skills to build the system to reflect business case. Time: Time is always viewed as money procrastination delivery of product will result in loss of demand hence money. Connectivity and Internet service: Due to the dependency on other service providers for connectivity and validation activities. Problem may develop at the end of service provider which is out of the functional control of Fantasy Games. Rouge Activities: With the increase of unethical practices on the web.Web transaction of any sort can be deemed as risky and has to be facilitated with hesitation. The Architectural team: The architectural team will include all stake holders as listed below CEO: The realization of Organizational goals lies with the CEO who is to lead the project team. CIO: As the most Technological competent staff of the organization. He will be the focal point between organization stakeholder and the architecture. Other Departmental heads: The concern of this group is necessary as the essence of the business goal is to answer their unit level concerns.Investors and Users: An Investor main aim is to maximize profit of his investment whist the user’s goal is to attain efficiency hence they have to be engage to achieve there aim. Programmers and Architect: These are the technical savvy group that makes the logics to come to being. Accountants: Having there concerns as how online transactions are executed with minimum fraud. Quality Control: They test the quality of the software. Sales and marketing: Group that are tasking with product marketing and publication. Customer services to answer attend to multiple queries that are recoded from Customers at large.Customers: They are the target group for the business case. Views The architect has to identify relevant views to establish the functional aspect of the system or scenario to capture the intended behavior of the system when influenced by different scenarios like external actions induced on the system in the form of client request. The system on the other hand will have to respond to fulfill the functions the system is built to perform. This will assure stakeholders that the baseline functionality requirement of Fantasy Games project is on course. Overview or functional Scenario: Game Internet based Purchase and download. System State: The system should have baseline information that is capable of running the system without external user action. It may also contain the migrated data from the old system for example previous games. System Environment: Sue will have to ensure that the system deployment environment is working correctly. This may include external and non external systems like servers, SAN, load balancing devices and resources that influence system environment like people. This may include infrastructural behavior like latency.External Stimulus: A definition of what cause the scenario to occur or selected. User queries and other data transfer or request fall within this scope. E. g. Customer queries the system for a specific Game like for instant Got Green. The system is expected to respond by bringing up similar games that fulfill the criteria got green with a price tag. System Response: The response received when an external stimulus is applied. System is expected to respond when a specific game group is looked up giving a response to the. Quality based ScenarioSue on the other hand will want the stake holders to know how the quality scenario can work alongside the functional scenarios of Fantasy Games to produce formidable software that is not limited in fulfilling it functional aspect of the software architecture but also provides security, performance, availability and evolution/change or resilience. The quality scenario will enable the software to have it basic security that will be able to protect some aspect of resources that is hosted on the web server and repositories. Overview of Quality based Scenario: How does the system respond when the server hosting the games and community group fails?System environment: The deployment environment includes other expanded resources like wide area application server, Authentication servers, Data / Information bank, credit card processing system hosted sites that can allow customers and gamer community members to access system and their relevant forums. Environmental change : When the primary system gets offline or unavailable, the system will trigger the failover system to give service without the customer knowledge and continue business as usual. Patterns and Styles I will choose functional Scenario as my chosen scenario for Fantasy Games.Dealing with the functional aspect of the software system, it will enable me look at the sequential business process in the software Infrastructure mainly concerning myself with the functionality of the system. It main strength is that it gives me fore knowledge of what business process precede what process which will enable decision as to the relevant style to apply at each phase of the Business Process. A relevant architectural style to utilize with this Scenario is the Pipe and Filter Style which will be my recommended architectural style to be used in this project. Pipe and Filters and Examples:As defined by Galan Shaw in Introduction to software Engineering, Example of Pipe and Filters includes Signal processing Domains, Functional programming and distributed System. In a pipe and filter style each component has a set of input and output system, reading streams of data inputs to produce an output. Hence these components are referred to as filters. The connectors of this style serve as conduits for the streams, transmitting outputs of one filter to inputs of another. Hence the connectors are termed â€Å"pipes†. Advantages of Pipe and Filters Among the important invariants of the style, filters must be independent. Pipe and filters referred to as data flow style allows designers to understand the overall input output of the system and it great advantage of condoning reuse provided they agree on the type of data to be transmitted between them. The ease of maintenance and enhancement by replacing filters is another key reason for the popularity of this style. The ability to permit specialized analysis and support for concurrent operation are some of it versatile actions. The above and some of the main advantages of Pipe and filter style. Disadvantages of Pipe and FiltersIt disadvantages include: – Several batch processes as Pipe and filters treat it processes as independent. They restraint component reuse as each component has to be in agreement of data to be transmitted. Since filters are inherently independent, designers are forced to think of each filter as providing a complete transformation of input data to output data. The independency of Pipe and filters can lead to loss in performance and increased in complexity. Because of their evolutionary characteristic, pipe and filters are not very ideal in handling interactive systems. Common variant of Pipe and Filter Style:Known for it adaptability with other styles, Pipe and filters are often found compatible with other styles in software development. A variant of this style is the uniform Pipe and Filters found in programs written in UNIX shell, this style adheres to the constraints and laws of Pipe and filters to have same interface. A disadvantage of the uniform interface is that it may reduce network performance if the data needs to be converted to or from its natural format (R, Thomas Fielding 2000) Why was this style chosen? Obviously the selection of architectural style is based on the constraint drawn up in the AD in view to resolve them.The adaptability of Pipe and filters over other styles like object oriented system where output of products sometimes conflict with each other. In general we find that boundaries of styles overlap. The fact is that like religion every designer has their favorite style which is found workable in the framework system architecture. Hence I feel that the capability and adaptability of Pipe and filters makes it almost applicable to any given scenario in an AD. Quality property summary Through modeling of scenarios and Architectural viewpoint, the architect will be able to establish the functional aspect of the system in the least technical terms.Furthermore, he will be required to model the quality aspect of his architectural design. He will be able to do so by remodeling the quality aspect of the design. Through this model, stakeholders and all concern will be able to see the quality properties of the system as they conform over the function aspect. This includes, security, resilience, evolutionary, redundancy, availability and scalability Sensitive Resources: This table defines sensitive recourses of Fantasy Games. To secure objects means objects has to be defined and known before necessary security policy is implemented. Resource |Sensitivity |Owner Access |Access Control | |Customer account records |Personal information of value for |Customer Care Group |No direct data access | | |identity theft or invasion of privacy | | | |Descriptive product catalog |Defines what is for sale and its |Stock Management Group |No direct data access | |entries |description; if changed maliciously, | | | | |could harm the business | | | | Pricing product catalog |Defines pricing for catalog items |Pricing Team in Stock |No direct data access | |entries | |Management Group | | |Business operations on customer|Needs to be controlled to protect data |Customer Care Group |Access to individual record or all | |account records |access and integrity | |records by authenticated principal | |Descriptive catalog operations |Needs to be controlled to protect data |Stock Management Group |Access to catalog modification | | |access and integrity | operations by authenticated principal| |Pricing catalog modification |Needs to be controlled to protect data |Pricing Team |Access to price modification | |operations |access and integrity | |operations by authenticated | | | | |principal, with accountability | In defining what sensitive that needs to be secured is, you will have to determine groups or resource owners in their respective containers. Thus a resource group which contained list of user member will be allowed/denied as per drawn policy for appropriate resource access. This will have to be applicable to all the models that host recourses that client and principal elements of that Fantasy System accesses. Threat Model; |User Elements |User Account Records |Desc.Catalog Records |User Account Operations |Price Change Operations | |Data Administrator |Full Access with Audit |Full Access with Audit |All access with audit |All access with audit | |Catalog manager |None |none |All |Read only | |Unknown webuser |None |None |None |None | |Registered customer |None |None |All on own records |None | The above table is known as the threat model. In a treat model, sensitive resources are identified and required access level security policy implemented through this model. This will ensure that all resources in the model have adequate security. Due consideration will be given to external and internal attacks on resources by brute force attackers, password guessing attack. Their objective includes breeching user security policy. With adequate security implementation, Fantasy Games resources will be adequately protected as per security perspective implemented across the models Threat Tree:The threat tree is another kind of treat model where the root is the very reason for the attack. The target could be your database, financial or sales information, client credit card information or access to the main security apparatus within the system. The branches are possible means of getting to their objective. These include Social Engineering, key logger, trogon horse, breaking OS Admin password, rouge administrator activities. To maintain security, proactive measures have to be taken to mitigate attack. Inclusion of a policy of no personal device on the corporate LAN/WAN, no unauthorized software on corporate machines goes a long way in controlling inside treat.Implementation of VLAN and Routers to break broadcast and access list definition and implementation will segment network resources to be available for authorized element and restrict unauthorized accesses. No personal hardware policy will aid identifying social engineering attack devices on the network. Physical access to resource location and devices should be permitted to authorize persons. Above consideration when implemented along with schematics shown in the model perspectives will to a large extent mitigate threats in the infrastructure of Fantasy Games. For E-commerce web services that Fantasy Games provides, all database resources are to be deployed away from the reach of users. Meaning in the inner networks with multiple firewalls and access list required to build fortress over resources.No Information of user is permitted through web interface. The firewalls that lead to resources will allow traffic only from internal addresses. Only authorized IP’s are allowed to pass-through certain firewall especially those that leads to the sensitive resources. IPS/IDS are vital components to be implemented in securing system infrastructure and they should be strategically placed to prevent and detect security breeches. Since there is no bullet proof network, periodic assessment of the network security is essential to determine the health of your network against penetration. Necessary Antivirus and OS upgrade patches should be made available to close venerability point of Applications and OS. Concurrent Model and Quality Perspective: Aim to secure concurrent system processes of Fantasy Games. The security perspective will ensure that all concurrent client activities inherit appropriate level of security as designed by the security policy server. Firewalls in-between resources can ensure that filtered IP addresses reaches resource. The challenge is latency like all other perspectives. iii. Choice of Software architecture The most ideal Architecture here to be considered is the server client Architecture that will enable all uses regardless of their demography to connect to the main server for services. This Architecture can be represented as below. Data and software architectural layout: [pic]Web 2. 0 Fig 1. ClientServer Client Server Architecture Using the server/Client Architecture or the two tier approach, the client sends their request through the WAN to reach a relational database for relevant feed back. Static or dynamic structures are used to develop systems, It will be assumed that that client programs are available and that they are further broken down to business logics, databases and development modules on the servers. Due to the utilization of persistent storage and transactional data a relational database will be more ideal. iv. Timeline The whole concept of SDLC is centered on time. Software development as a project has to be phased into manageable parts to have timely completion. In the project description, a definite timeline should be drawn for project completion. This will guard business concern from been hijacked by competitors. As the saying goes delay is dangerous, procrastination of business process will increase not only cost of production, but exposes the product line to undue competition. These will have an impact on the marketing as users may loose interest. Also a change management once foreseen is best implemented early. Failure to do so may result in the collapse of the existing Architecture. Also a spontaneous change without proper test may precipitate an unwanted outcome.I have seen where service requests far out weighs the available resource in the system. This may clog the old system if further clients are added. This will cause the system to malfunction which will destroy the mission statement that Fantasy games had established and guarded. Capabilities of the new architecture are expected to create a similar gaming future with further ability of cultivating communities. That is the minimum accepted outcome to refer to the project as successful v. v. UML Activity Diagram; Unified Modeling language is a collection of values, principles and practice for modeling that can be applicable to software development project (S. W. Ambler 2005-2007). 2. 0 Fig 2.UML highlighting the full development process of software Architecture v v v v v 3. 0Overview of requirement and concern of Fantasy Games. i. Role of an Architect: In her/his capacity as the architect, Sue should be aware that the process to achieve project goal and drive can only be possible with collective effort from stakeholders whilst defining the following:-. a. Determine the Business Goals of the Project. Business goal is a specific aim/objective of an organization which is the reason or objective of the existence the project.In the case of Fantasy Games the business goal includes designing new software that can cultivate communities, and facilitate Internet Game Marketing. b. Determine Architectural scope: Architectural Scope can be seen as a key issues and mile stones that define the system Architecture project development. Defining the Architectural scope of Fantasy Games, the following has to be considered:- bi. The Broad functional areas to be provided by the system: This is the system area of functionality and compatibility across stakeholder groups. Sue will ensure that the software will address concerns of the different office branches that are scattered in 4 countries to concurrently use the system without conflict.Different functional unit is San Diego which includes Account department, Sales and Marketing, Customer Service, IT unit and Quality Assurance are all catered for as documented in the Architectural definition. bii. External Interfaces of the system: Sue will also look into adequate system requirement to facilitate connectivity from all locations to ensure system accessibility, adequate level of access to relational database from Client and users. Sue will ensure that required external system is in place as indicated. Sue will define if there will be a need to decommission the existing system or a system up gradation of the old system is required. biii.Choosing the preferred architectural design that can deliver business goals of Fantasy Games is an integral process of the project. This can be achieved by tallying the strength and weakness of candidate architecture where decisions can be made by all concern to choose the best out of many. biv. To facilitate Internet community and Internet marketing, a relational database that can hold product catalogue and client details is to be available. 4. 0General Architectural Principles. A context Diagram in AD will define a high level picture of the boundaries and it corresponding external entities of the system. 4. 0 Fig1Project Context Diagram. [pic] 5. 0 Fig 1 [pic] 5. 0 Fig 2 [pic] 5. 0 Fig 3 [pic] 5. 0 Fig 4 [pic] iii.Pipe and Filter diagram representing a functional scenario 5. 0 Fig 5 [pic] Entity Relationship and viewpoints Diagram that adequately represents the Entity relationship of Fantasy Games database that highlights a non technical view of the model for stakeholders’ reviews 5. 0 Fig 6Database Entity Relationship Diagrams. [pic] Legend [pic] Database Entity [pic]Database Attributes [pic]Database Management System Entity[pic]Relationship The Diagram that depict an entity-relationship diagram that shows entities represented in tables, columns, and data types, and shows relationships for the learner’s data model for Next Gen Movies 5. Fig 7 [pic] Legend [pic]Relationship [pic]Entity [pic]Attributes 5. 0 Fig 8 The UML class diagram that adequately represent the database for Next Gen Movies; [pic] 5. 0 Fig 9 A UML class diagram for the selected organization that data types, and shows relationships for the learner’s data Model for Fantasy Games. [pic] 6. 0 Important Scenarios. These are relevant views the system will exhibit in the form of modeling functional attributes of the system in production for the view of the stake holders. Through this modeling, stake holders will have an idea of how much of their concerns have been captured by the system. Architectural ModelingThis functional diagram depicts relationship between customer activities and the software system and ERP for Fantasy Games System. The system state will be a functional system with and improvement to generate communities. Product database will be migrated from the existing system that will all client activities like responding to forums which the system can populate as to all it users through the software interface. 6. 0 Fig 1 Functional Diagram [pic] Following diagram shows the infrastructure and database including required hardware and OS and DBMS application to set up and implement the new web application within each of the tiers of Fantasy Games.The system has the provision to allow client external request that can pass through the Fantasy system infrastructure and give require services to the client requestor 6. 0 Fig 2 Development Model. [pic] 6. 0 Fig 3 Informational Model [pic] Informational Diagram The informational diagram above shows all the main database tables that will be required for the new application to be developed for fantasy Games. It details the web communities and role definition to users and designers alike. It also depict resource the way they are requested by client action and the their interdependencies Concurrency Diagram Below, the concurrency diagram shows how multiple existing activities can be concurrently achieved by the new system of Fantasy Games. 6. 0 Fig 4 Concurrency Diagram [pic] Operational DiagramThe operational view diagram shows the responsible parties for maintaining the data and infrastructure of the new system and depicting the relationship between activities and ERPs. The infrastructure team is responsible for implementing and afterwards maintaining the servers. The Dbase Admins are responsible for implementing the new DBMS and for maintenance. Sales/Marketing and Client support to handle relevant issues from client that reflect their scope of work. All of these groups of persons will be involved in the projects development and will be considered stakeholders of Fantasy Games System. 6. 0 Fig 5 [pic] 7. Quality property summary.Through modeling of scenerios and Architectural viewpoint, the architect will be able to establish the functional aspect of the system in the least technical terms. Furthermore, he will be required to model the quality aspect of his architectural design. He will be able to do so by remodeling the quality aspect of the design. Through this model, stakeholders and all concern will be able to see the quality properties of the system as they conform over the function aspect. This includes, security, resilience, evolutionary, redundancy, availability and scalability Sensitive Resources: This table defines sensitive recourses of Fantasy Games. To secure objects means objects has to be defined and known before necessary security policy is implemented. Resource |Sensitivity |Owner Access |Access Control | |Customer account records |Personal information of value for |Customer Care Group |No direct data access | | |identity theft or invasion of privacy | | | |Descriptive product catalog |Defines what is for sale and its |Stock Management Group |No direct data access | |entries |description; if changed maliciously, | | | | |could harm the business | | | | Pricing product catalog |Defines pricing for atalog items |Pricing Team in Stock |No direct data access | |entries | |Management Group | | |Business operations on customer|Needs to be controlled to protect data |Customer Care Group |Access to individual record or all | |account records |access and integrity | |records by authenticated principal | |Descriptive catalog operations |Needs to be controlled to protect data |Stock Management Group |Access to catalog modification | | |access and integrity | |operations by authenticated principal| |Pricing catalog modification |Needs to be controlled to protect data |Pricing Team |Access to price modification | |operations |access and integrity | |operations by authenticated | | | | |principal, with accountability | In defining what sensitive that needs to be secured is, you will have to determine groups or resource owners in their respective containers. Thus a resource group which contained list of user member will be allowed/denied as per drawn policy for appropriate resource access. This will have to be applicable to all the models that host recourses that client and principal elements of that Fantasy System accesses. i. Threat Model; |User Elements |User Account Records |Desc.Catalog Records |User Account Operations |Price Change Operations | |Data Administrator |Full Access with Audit |Full Access with Audit |All access with audit |All access with audit | |Catalog manager |None |none |All |Read only | |Unknown webuser |None |None |None |None | |Registered customer |None |None |All on own records |None | The above table is known as the threat model. In a treat model, sensitive resources are identified and required access level security policy implemented through this model. This will ensure that all resources in the model have adequate security. Due consideration will be given to external and internal attacks on resources by brute force attackers, password guessing attack. Their objective includes breeching user security policy. With adequate security implementation, Fantasy Games resources will be adequately protected as per security perspective implemented across the models ii. Threat Tree:The threat tree is another kind of treat model where the root is the very reason for the attack. The target could be your database, financial or sales information, client credit card information or access to the main security apparatus within the system. The branches are possible means of getting to their objective. These include Social Engineering, key logger, trogon horse, breaking OS Admin password, rouge administrator activities. To maintain security, proactive measures have to be taken to mitigate attack. Inclusion of a policy of no personal device on the corporate LAN/WAN, no unauthorized software on corporate machines goes a long way in controlling inside treat.Implementation of VLAN and Routers to break broadcast and access list definition and implementation will segment network resources to be available for authorized element and restrict unauthorized accesses. No personal hardware policy will aid identifying social engineering attack devices on the network. Physical access to resource location and devices should be permitted to authorize persons. Above consideration when implemented along with schematics shown in the model perspectives will to a large extent mitigate threats in the infrastructure of Fantasy Games. For E-commerce web services that Fantasy Games provides, all database resources are to be deployed away from the reach of users. Meaning in the inner networks with multiple firewalls and access list required to build fortress over resources. No Information of user is permitted through web interface. The firewalls that lead to resources will allow traffic only from internal addresses. Only authorized IP’s are allowed to pass-through certain firewall especially those that leads to the sensitive resources. IPS/IDS are vital components to be implemented in securing system infrastructure and they should be strategically placed to prevent and detect security breeches. Since there is no bullet proof network, periodic assessment of the network security is essential to determine the health of your network against penetration. Necessary Antivirus and OS upgrade patches should be made available to close venerability point of Applications and OS.Concurrent Model and Quality Perspective: Aim to secure concurrent system processes of Fantasy Games. The security perspective will ensure that all concurrent client activities inherit appropriate level of security as designed by the security policy server. Firewalls in-between resources can ensure that filtered IP addresses reaches resource. The challenge is latency like all other perspectives. 7. 0 Fig 1 Concurrent perspective [pic] Information model Perspective: Normally, all information perspective does is to reveal object properties. This view is to be kept away at all cost from attacker as it states objects anatomy. It is required by stake holders. Since Information UML is about information on objects no change is realized when security is implemented as system response is mostly executed in a functional scenario. 7. 0 Fig 2 Informational perspective [pic] Functional Model perspective: Aim to secure process resources with adequate security perspective and required hardware deployed to secure processes, VLANS, IDS/IPS, firewall properly define will secure Fantasy Games System processes and ERP’s ensuring that system state, external stimulus and system response are secured with minimum threat level and vulnerabilities. The impact of the perspective slows the functional process of the system. This is as a result of checks implemented at strategic areas of the process or ERP.. 7. 0 Fig 3 Functional Perspective [pic] . Development Model Perspective:Aim to ensure the Infrastructure of Fantasy Games has adequate multiple point of failure or redundancy in all systems. The hardware, software, repositories, servers, and network devices should have multiple point of failure to minimize system down time. Availability, scalability, and recovery will impact the model with high latency and changes the system state and it response time due to clustering technology and replication. Adding new systems in cluster with their production counterpart will not change the evolutionary properties of the model but assures it availability. Certain aspect of the system can be adequately reused without much strain on the system in event of failure. 7. 0 Fig 4 Development perspective showing redundancy. 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Agile Methodology and Waterfall Methodology-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Define what a Methodology is and the role it serves in Project Management. 2.Choose two methodologies from this list to Compare and Contrast. 3.Discuss about the Methodologies and Processes relate to the project life cycle. Answers: 1.The methodology is about how the project managers are able to employ for the design, planning, implementation and setting the achievement for the better project objectives. The adaptive project framework is based on the time and cost which is considered to be constant for the project scope with maximised business value. (Alliance, 2016). The project managers work on delivering the projects and setting principles, themes, frameworks and processes that are sets to provide a stack with PMBOK or XP. This includes the delivering of the projects which includes the proper working collaboration and responding to the changeover following a plan. The set of values are defined with the principles to follow the process that needs to be applied to a particular object. Through this, there is also a major possibility to work on the individuals and the interactions over processes and tools so that there is an easy methodology setup. 2.Agile Methodology: This is based on the project management, where there is a need of handling adequate delivery of the process with improved framework that has been put to practice. The goal of the same is to improve the communication, teamwork and the development speed. (Sharma et al., 2017). Through this, there is a possibility to handle the sprints, scrums and the backlogs which are set with the ongoing framework development and maintaining the complex products. The approach is based on defining and setting the roles, to meet the tools in effective manner. The incremental forms of the delivery are found to be valuable with the easy shipping functionality. Agile is considered to be the technology which is for the setup for the self-management of the teams and for delivering and defining the goals that would be to create the health tension which would advocate for the small and the cross-functional team of people upto 9 in number. The collection is for the user stories defined und er the product ownership. Waterfall methodology: This is based on handling the SDLC where there is a proper project management approach to work on planning and handling the agile approach as well. The planning is based on charging and working over the plans which adhere to the requirements and delivering the project. The requirements need to be defined with the plans adapted through the necessary changes. (Ghafoor et al., 2017). The designing, implementation, testing and the maintenance is possible through this, where the approach mainly reflects about the scope to handle and revise the concepts related to the testing stage. 3.The agile technology is based on advocating with the cross-functional team where there is a need to handle the development with the team report. It works with the development and improvement in the progress of the team. (Campbell et al., 2016). The technology is facilitated mainly by enabling and leading the demos and the reviews with proper and best working. The optimisation and improvement is designed through the software development where there are other agile artefacts that could be leveraged and set in the creative agency world. The standards for the development project include the agile methods where there is a possibility to work in fixed budgets with providing heavy constraints. Waterfall is considered as one of the project where the requirements are fixed in a well-documented and clear manner. The technology is understood with the project that is short with no additional value which is gained from going agile. The approach of the project is to handle the details under a particular budget, with timeline and scope. The tasks and the testing stages are examined with the forms that include the changes that are designed in the concept stages. References Alliance, S. (2016). What is Scrum? An Agile Framework for Completing Complex Projects-Scrum Alliance.Scrum Alliance. Available at: https://www. scrumalliance. org. Campbell, J., Kurkovsky, S., Liew, C. W., Tafliovich, A. (2016, February). Scrum and agile methods in software engineering courses. InProceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education(pp. 319-320). ACM. Ghafoor, F., Shah, I. A., Rashid, N. (2017). Issues in Adopting Agile Methodologies in Global and Local Software Development: A Systematic Literature Review Protocol with Preliminary Results.International Journal of Computer Applications,160(7). Sharma, A., Bali, M. (2017). Comparative Study on Software Development Methods: Agile vs Scrum

Diversity of Family in Contemporary Times

Question: Discuss about the Diversity of Family in Contemporary Times. Answer: Introduction A family is a social unit that consists of people related by blood, marriage or adoption. As part of social change, familys role change with the modern trends that are experienced in the world today. In the contemporary society, the family structure has changed compared to traditional society in that a family is not taken to be a serious unit as it was. Among the many roles of the family in the society today, one is participating in the formation of moral, social and values in modern life. These values are crucial in lives of a developing child since learning begins in this period. According to the National Quality framework (NQF), every child from any given family has a right to quality education, quality care in his/her early life that results to better health, education as well as quality employment opportunities later in life(Davis, J Smith, 2012). Early childhood education in Australia in this case is crucial and has been the main component of the countrys government NQF, with t hree key emphasis on child care. These are belonging, being and becoming (Breunig Gong Trott, 2014). Attachment theory in line with the concept of early childhood education expounds on the importance of forming positive relationship with a child to enhance socialization (Newton, 2008). Every family is formed on specific cultural foundations that give them a sense of identification though they are not static. The family structure has evolved with time, with technical advancement in the society, new behaviors have slowly developed making the family form new adaptation modes. Body The Influence of Cultural Background on Family units. A family is a unit that is formed on the basis of a given social-cultural foundations that gives it a sense of belonging. Since culture is a way of life of a given group of people, different beliefs, values, and norms involved influence a way of life of a given family. In the basis of education, health care, career objectives, counseling among other multicultural factors family units have been greatly influenced. A culture dictates what is to be followed and passed to the familys generations to come, example, in education sector where some still emphasis in pupils learning through community languages, girls and boys are not expected to be at the same level in that girls are related to the so-called average levels unlike the boys who should go to an inch higher to prove the society right of their abilities (Goel et al. 2012). Health care provision in multicultural societies has followed different models that reflect their specific cultural histories, some communities still believe in traditional herbs due to their culture rather than adopting the modern medication. These influences have been seen in the early childhood learning where parenting role has changed as women do not carefully give attention to the young ones as expected and do not enroll in institutions where they receive care since their culture dictates so (Dixon Queensland, 2010). Socializing them into their culture also has proved greatly to be a challenge as they are expected to learn by themselves as they develop. Historical Perspective of Family Structure and its Adaptations over the Past two Decades. In the past, family structure was based on strong patriarchal beliefs and values. Roles were exceptionally classified and inelastic where women were caretakers of the children and the household at large and also protected family values and customs. The man was in authority and women authority was only shown in the absence of the man. On the other hand, men were sexually and socially free to interact with other women in the society but were expected to be the sole providers of the family needs (Hareven,2013). This has changed in the past two decades in that, women as well are expected to provide and have authority even in the presence of the man. Technical advancement has also been key to these changes since security cameras are available to watch over the households thus giving the woman adequate freedom, introduction of day cares and home caregivers in the past two decades also has enhanced quality care given to the children while the woman can only pay for the services and not be p resent always. Also in the past, marriages were usually arranged by the parents thus forming alliances between families as a way of maintaining economic interests and power as their first priority. In the past two decades, marriage is formed on the basis of love and affection of two partners with an aim of achieving their own aims (Peers Fleer, 2014). Functionalist perspective by George Peter Murdock showcases the family as a reproduction field to enable the continuation of next generation as well as the basis for the socialization of the newborn by teaching them basic norms and values in the historic times(Karago?zog?lu,2017). This has changed in the past two decades as the reproduction role is not observed as some opt for adoption rather than birth while others dont want to have kids. Talcott Parsons in the functionalist perspective also gives evolution of nuclear family from extended family and changing its roles in the past two decades (Leggett Ford, 2013). The extended family with the pre-industrial society was solemnly responsible for the education of children unlike in the past two decades where the nuclear family with the industrial society are not responsible at all. Conclusion Benefits in providing an inclusive environment for all families are major merits to both parents and the child in the provision of care at early learning stages. Some of these include; Improved support for childrens learning and development via appropriate learning frameworks. Identification of educators with appropriate skills needed to enhance early childhood learning. Following set professional ethics on early childhood educators. Favorable educator to child ratios to help ensure that all children have greater individual care and attention for the children at all times. Theoretical perspectives are very important to help early childhood educator understand the cultural foundations of every child to help on how to handle the child during care provision. Also through contemporary frameworks, the educator is able to understand the rights of every child and what the law expects of the educator and his/her rights in relation to supporting the learning and development of every child the society. References Arthur, L., Beecher, B., Death, E., Dockett, S., Farmer, S. (2015). Programming and planning in early childhood settings. Australian Children's Education and Care Quality Authority. (2012). Guide to the National Quality Standard. Benevolent Society (N.S.W.). (2008). The Benevolent Society submission to a national quality frameworkfor early childhood education and care, September 2008. Paddington, N.S.W.: Benevolent Society Breunig, R. V., Gong, X., Trott, D. (2014). The New National Quality Framework: Quantifying Some of the Effects on Labour Supply, Child Care Demand and Household Finances for Two-Parent Households. Economic Record, 90(288), 1-16. doi:10.1111/1475-4932.12059 Davis, J. E., Smith, M. E. (2012). Working in Multi-professional Contexts : A Practical Guide for Professionals in Children's Services. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Dixon, N., Queensland. (2010). Child care in Queensland: Framework and recent amendments to the Child Care Act 2002 (Qld). Brisbane: Queensland Parliamentary Librar Goel, S., Mazzola, P., Phan, P. H., Pieper, T. M., Zachary, R. K. (2012). Strategy, ownership, governance, and socio-psychological perspectives on family businesses from around the world. Journal Of Family Business Strategy, 3(Family Businesses from a World Perspective - Strategic, Ownership, Governance, and Socio-Psychological Heterogeneity), 54-65. doi:10.1016/j.jfbs.2012.03.005 Hareven, T. K. (2013). Transitions: The Family and the Life Course in Historical Perspective. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Karago?zog?lu, B. (2017). Science and technology from global and historical perspectives Leggett, N., Ford, M. (2013). A fine balance: understanding the roles educators and children play as intentional teachers and intentional learners within the Early Years Learning Framework. Australasian Journal Of Early Childhood, (4), 42. Newton, R. P. (2008). The attachment connection: Parenting a secure confident child using the science of attachment theory. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications. Peers, C., Fleer, M. (2014). The Theory of Belonging: Defining concepts used within Belonging, Being and BecomingThe Australian Early Years Learning Framework. Educational Philosophy Theory, 46(8), 914-928.

What Is A V-chip This Term Has Become A Buzz Word For Any Discussion

What is a V-chip? This term has become a buzz word for any discussion evolving telecommunications regulation and television ratings, but not too many reports define the new technology in its fullest form. A basic definition of the V-chip; is a microprocessor that can decipher information sent in the vertical blanking of the NTSC signal, purposefully for the control of violent or controversial subject matter. Yet, the span of the new chip is much greater than any working definition can encompass. A discussion of the V-chip must include a consideration of the technical and ethical issues, in addition to examining the constitutionally of any law that might concern standards set by the US government. Yet in the space provided for this essay, the focus will be the technical aspects and costs of the new chip. It is impossible to generally assume that the V-chip will solve the violence problem of broadcast television or that adding this little device to every set will be a first amendment i nfringement. We can, however, find clues through examining the cold facts of broadcast television and the impact of a mandatory regulation on that free broadcast. "Utilizing the EIA's Recommended Practice for Line 21 Data Service(EIA-608) specification, these chips decode EDS (Extended Data Services)program ratings, compare these ratings to viewer standards, and can be programmed to take a variety of actions, including complete blanking of programs." Is one definition of the V-chip from Al Marquis of Zilog Technology. The FCC or Capitol Hill has not set any standards for V-chip technology; this has allowed many different companies to construct chips that are similar yet not exact or possibly not compatible. Each chip has advantages and disadvantages for the rating's system, soon to be developed. For example, some units use onscreen programming such as VCR's and the Zilog product do, while others are considering set top options. Also, different companies are using different methods o f parental control over the chip. Another problem that these new devices may incur when included in every television is a space. The NTSC signal includes extra information space known as the subcarrier and Vertical blanking interval. As explained in the quotation from Mr. Marquis, the V-chips will use a certain section of this space to send simple rating numbers and points that will be compared to the personality settings in the chip. Many new technologies are being developed for smart-TV or data broadcast on this part of the NTSC signal. Basically the V-chip will severely limit the bandwidth for high performance transmission of data on the NTSC signal. There is also to be cost to this new technology, which will be passed to consumers. Estimates are that each chip will cost six dollars wholesale and must be designed into the television's logic. The V-chip could easily push the price of televisions up by twenty five or more dollars during the first years of production. The much simpl er solution of set top boxes allows control for those who need it and allow those consumers who don't to save money and use new data technology. Another cost will most definitely be levied to television advertisers for the upgrade of the transmitting equipment. Weather the V-chip encoding signal is added upstream of the transmitter or directly into uplink units and other equipment intended for broadcast; this cost will have to compensated for in advertising sales and prices. The V-chip regulation may also require another staff employee at most stations to effectively rate locally aired programs and events. All three of these questions have been addressed in minute detail. Most debate has focused upon the new rating system and its implementation. Though equally important, this doesn't deal with the ground floor concerns for the television producing and broadcasting industries. Now as members of the industry we must hold our breath until either the fed knocks the wind from free broadc ast with mandatory ratings' devices, or allows the natural regulation to continue. What Is A V-chip This Term Has Become A Buzz Word For Any Discussion What is a V-chip? This term has become a buzz word for any discussion evolving telecommunications regulation and television ratings, but not too many reports define the new technology in its fullest form. A basic definition of the V-chip; is a microprocessor that can decipher information sent in the vertical blanking of the NTSC signal, purposefully for the control of violent or controversial subject matter. Yet, the span of the new chip is much greater than any working definition can encompass. A discussion of the V-chip must include a consideration of the technical and ethical issues, in addition to examining the constitutionally of any law that might concern standards set by the US government. Yet in the space provided for this essay, the focus will be the technical aspects and costs of the new chip. It is impossible to generally assume that the V-chip will solve the violence problem of broadcast television or that adding this little device to every set will be a first amendment i nfringement. We can, however, find clues through examining the cold facts of broadcast television and the impact of a mandatory regulation on that free broadcast. "Utilizing the EIA's Recommended Practice for Line 21 Data Service(EIA-608) specification, these chips decode EDS (Extended Data Services)program ratings, compare these ratings to viewer standards, and can be programmed to take a variety of actions, including complete blanking of programs." Is one definition of the V-chip from Al Marquis of Zilog Technology. The FCC or Capitol Hill has not set any standards for V-chip technology; this has allowed many different companies to construct chips that are similar yet not exact or possibly not compatible. Each chip has advantages and disadvantages for the rating's system, soon to be developed. For example, some units use onscreen programming such as VCR's and the Zilog product do, while others are considering set top options. Also, different companies are using different methods o f parental control over the chip. Another problem that these new devices may incur when included in every television is a space. The NTSC signal includes extra information space known as the subcarrier and Vertical blanking interval. As explained in the quotation from Mr. Marquis, the V-chips will use a certain section of this space to send simple rating numbers and points that will be compared to the personality settings in the chip. Many new technologies are being developed for smart-TV or data broadcast on this part of the NTSC signal. Basically the V-chip will severely limit the bandwidth for high performance transmission of data on the NTSC signal. There is also to be cost to this new technology, which will be passed to consumers. Estimates are that each chip will cost six dollars wholesale and must be designed into the television's logic. The V-chip could easily push the price of televisions up by twenty five or more dollars during the first years of production. The much simpl er solution of set top boxes allows control for those who need it and allow those consumers who don't to save money and use new data technology. Another cost will most definitely be levied to television advertisers for the upgrade of the transmitting equipment. Weather the V-chip encoding signal is added upstream of the transmitter or directly into uplink units and other equipment intended for broadcast; this cost will have to compensated for in advertising sales and prices. The V-chip regulation may also require another staff employee at most stations to effectively rate locally aired programs and events. All three of these questions have been addressed in minute detail. Most debate has focused upon the new rating system and its implementation. Though equally important, this doesn't deal with the ground floor concerns for the television producing and broadcasting industries. Now as members of the industry we must hold our breath until either the fed knocks the wind from free broadc ast with mandatory ratings' devices, or allows the natural regulation to continue.